From earliest time ,living things have been given common names by people who live amidst them .These names have continued through ages .Westill use many of thwese such as pine ,oak blue grass, blue bell, sun flower , buffalo grass, jelly fish ,star fish dog fish .etc But common names are highly variable ; they vary from country to country language to language .For example,a small bird which we call gauraiya in india and pakistan , is kown by different names in different languages in different countries ,e.g., house sparrow in england , pardal in spain, suzune in japan , musch in holland. Common names are variable in the same region ; some people called a bird wood peacker , some call it flicker , some call it golden wing wood peacker and others call it yellow hammer or high-hole.The common name in a language means a particular living thing if we know that language or if we live in that community in which it is used.In many cases a single name refers to many plants and animals . for example , the common name blue bell is used for dozons of plants with blue ,bell shaped flower. Likewise the name black bird refers to crow , cuckoo , raven or rusty black bird.These are confusing because nosystem was used in choosing them. Besides being confusing many of the name used in referring to plant and animal are also misleading ; they give wrong impression of plant-animal relation ship because they have no scientific basis.For example ,silverfish is an insect but it gives an impression of a fish which is entirely different from any insect .Likewise,jelly fish and star fish both not a fish in any respect ,gives impression of a fish .Likewise sea horse is not a horse but a type of a fish .The above mentioned short comings of the common nae have necessitate the naming of living things in only one language scientifically .The naming of living organisms in thic way removes confusion in one such name refers to only one living thing .Linnaeus was the first to use scientific names of plants and animals.The tenth edition of his book systema naturae includes such names of many plants and animals . Linnaeus named a plant or animal in latin langyuage [ the language of all intellectual of that time ] by using two words ; the first words refers to a genus [genuric name ] and the second to a species[specific name ] .This way of naming a living thing is called binomial nomen clature.The initial of the first word is written or printed in capital form, whereas its remaining letters are are written or printd small form.But all letters of the second word are written or printe in small form .But all letters of the second wor are wriitten or printed in small form. when a binomial nomen clature is written ,its both both words are underlined . In books this nomenclature is printe in italic letters .The binomial nomen clature is used by biologist the world all over . It gives binomial nomen clature of some familiar animals .In some specific cases , atrinomial nomen clature is used . TRINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE ;Some times , members of species show certain modification which may be minor but it is quite distinct . Such members are considered as sub species or variety of the related species.For species a trinomial nomen clature is used .This name consists of three words; the first words stands for generic name , the second for species name and the third for sub species name .The modern man's trinomial nome clature is homo sapiens sapiens .Likewise , trinomial nomen clature of head - louse and body -louse are pedi cularis humanus capitis and pedicularis humanus humanus respectively.
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